ERA GEOLÓGICA ORDOVICICO

ORDOVICICO - ORDEN CORYNEXOCHIDA .-

Polypleuraspis	ORDER CORYNEXOCHIDA last revised 25 March 2007 by S. M. Gon III Cephalon: with opisthoparian sutures; glabella elongate, sides often concave (pestle-shaped), furrows (when not effaced) typically with splayed arrangement, the hind pair pointing sharply backwards, and anterior pairs tending more and more forward directed; sometimes furrows pit-like; cranidial borders often ledgelike; hypostome conterminant or (in derived forms) impendent; eyes typically large, in some gently arcuate.  Thorax: typically with 7-8 segments (but range for order is 2-12, rarely more), pleural tips often spinose.  Pygidium: typically large (isopygous or subisopygous), of variable form, sometimes spinose. Other: similar metaprotaspides across the three suborders of Corynexochida (bearing a hexagonal form, glabella expanding forward, a pair of anterior pits, and 1-2 pairs of posterior spines), support an hypothesis of shared lineage. Occurrence: Lower Cambrian – Upper Devonian  Suborders: Corynexochina, Illaenina, Leiostegiina (see below).
metaprotaspis of Leiostegium Oryctocephalus       Olenoides	Suborder Corynexochina Cephalon: with opisthoparian sutures, anterior sutures generally subparallel; glabella long, subparallel, or expanding anteriorly; eyes typically elongate, narrow;  hypostome typically fused with rostral plate (conterminant); genal spines often present.  Thorax: with 2-12 segments (rarely more in primitive genera), pleurae typically spine-tipped.  Pygidium: variable, typically large and spinose, some with smooth border.  Superfamilies/Families: Corynexochoidea: Corynexochidae, Dinesidae, Dokimocephalidae, Dolichometopidae, Dorypygidae, Edelsteinaspididae, Jakutidae, Oryctocephalidae (including Cheiruroididae), Zacanthoididae.  Genera: Corynexochidae: Abakania, Acontheus (=Aneucanthus; =Aneuacanthus), Bonnaspis, Chatiania (=Parachatiania), Clavigellus, Corynexochella, Corynexochina, Corynexochus (=Karlia), Eochatiana, Eocorynexochus, Hartshillia, Hartshillina, Milaspis, Miranella, Olinaspis, Sanaschtykgolia, Shivelicus, Trinia. Dinesidae: Amginoerbia, Botomella (=Sayanella), Chakasskia, Chakasskiella, Compsocephalus (/Lepidocephaloides), Densocephalus, Dilataspis, Dinesus, Erbia (=Paratollaspis), Erbiella, Erbina, Erbiopsidella, Erbiopsis, Ghwaiella, Paraerbia, Piriforma, Pokrovskiella, Proerbia, Pseudoerbia, Pseudoerbiopsis, Rondocephalus, Tingyuania, Tollaspis, Tumulina. Dokimocephalidae: Acrocephalina, Alekcinella, Anemocephalus, Anuloides, Apachia (=Apachilites), Bellaspidella, Bellaspis, Beothuckia, Burnetiella (/Burnetia), Calocephalites, Chalfontia, Conaspis, Crusoiina, Deckera, Dellea (=Eshelmania), Delleana, Didwudina, Dokimocephalus, Fastigaspis, Glyptometopsis, Glyptometopus, Iddingsia (=Plataspella), Jingxiania, Kindbladia, Kiowaia, Kyphocephalus, Lorrettina, Obrucheviaspis, Pinctus, Plakhinella, Pseudosaratogia, Puanella, Ritella, Saimachia, Sulcocephalus, Taenicephalina, Tatulaspis, Tchuostachia, Whittingtonella, Wilsonarella, Wuhuia (=Deadwoodia), Yangweizhouia. Dolichometopidae: Aegunaspis Amphoton (=Eurodeois; =Amphotonella; = Paramphoton; = Sunia), Anoria, Asperocare, Athabaskia, Athabaskiella, Atypicus, Basanellus, Bathyuriscidella, Bathyuriscus (=Orria; =Orriella; =Wenkchemnia), Borovikovia, Centonella, Chilometopus, Chilonorria, Clavaspidella, Corynexochides, Deiradonyx, Dolicholeptus, Dolichometopsis, Dolichometopus, Drozdoviella, Erratobalticus, Ezhuangia, Fuchouia (=Parafuchouia; =Pseudofuchouia), Glossopleura (=Sonoraspis), ?Granularaspis (/Granularia), Guraspis, ?Hanburia, Hemirhodon, Horonastes, Itydeois, Kannoriella, Klotziella, Lianhuashania, Mendospidella, Neopoliellina, Parapoliella, Poliella (=Bornemannia), Poliellaspidella, Poliellaspis, Poliellina, Politinella, Polypleuraspis, Prosymphysurus, Pseudamphoton, Ptannigania, Saimixiella, Sestrostega, Shanghaia, Sinijanella, Suvorovaaspis, Undillia, Zhenpingaspis. Dorypygidae: Atdabanella, Basocephalus, Bonnaria, Bonnia, Bonniella, Bonnima, Bonnioides, Bonniopsis, Dorypygaspis, Dorypyge, Dorypygina, Dorypygoides, Duyunia, Fordaspis, Hicksia, Holteria, Holyoakia, Jiuquania, Kharausnurica, Kootenia (=Notasaphus), Kooteniella (=Babakovia), Kooteniellina, Kootenina, Liokootenia, Mengzia, Metakootenia, Namiolenoides, Neolenus, Ogygopsis (=Taxioura), Olenoides, Paraolenoides, Popigaia, Prokootenia, Protypus (=Bicaspis), Pulvillaspis, Rabutina, Saryaspis, Shipaiella, Strettonia, Tabatopygellina, Tadjikia, Tienzhuia, Tolanaspis. Edelsteinaspididae: Alacephalus, Edelsteinaspis, Gelasene, Keeleaspis, Labradoria (=Sinolenus), Labradorina, Laticephalus, Litaspis, Nehanniaspis, Neoredlichina, Nodiceps, Paleofossus, Polliaxis, Torosus, Venosus. Jakutidae: Argasalina, Bathyuriscellus, Bathyuriscopsis, Daldynia, Gibscherella, Jakutus, Janshinicus, Jucundaspis, Judaiella, Kobdus, Lenaspis, Malykania, Manaspis, Prouktaspis, Uktaspis, Vologdinaspis. Oryctocephalidae: Arthricocephalus (=Arthricocephalites; =Protoryctocara; =Oryctocarella), Balangia, Barklyella, Cheiruroides (=Inikanella), Curvoryctocephalus, Duodingia, Duyunaspis, Eoryctocephalus, Euarthricocephalus, Feilongshania, Haliplanktos, Hunanocephalus, Kunshanaspis, Lancastria (=Changaspis; = Chienaspis; =Goldfieldia; =Paraoryctocephalops; =Pseudolancastria), Metabalangia, Metarthricocephalus, Microryctocara, Neocheiruroides, Opsiosoryctocephalus, Oryctocara, Oryctocephalina, Oryctocephalites, Oryctocephaloides, Oryctocephalops, Oryctocephalus (=Vinakainella), Oryctometopus, Ovatoryctocara, Paleooryctocephalus, Parachangaspis, Paracheiruroides, Protoryctocephalus, Sandoveria, Shabaella, Taijiangocephalus, Teljanzella, Tonkinella, Udjanella. Zacanthoididae: Albertella, Albertellina, Albertelloides Chuchiaspis, Danjiangella, Delamarina (/Delamarella), Eozacanthoides, Fieldaspis, Mendogaspis, Mexicaspis, Micmaecopsis, Panxinella, Paralbertella, Parkaspis, Prozacanthoides, Pseudozacanthopsis, Ptarmiganoides, Qingzhenaspis, Stephenaspis, Thoracocare, Tianshanocephalus, Ursinella, Vanuxernella (=Vistoia), Xuzhouia, Zacanthoides (/Embolimus), Zacanthopsina, Zacanthopsis.
Bumastus          Scutellum	Suborder Illaenina Cephalon: typically effaced, opisthoparian facial sutures, but sutures distinctly divergent anteriorly; glabella expands forwards, lateral furrows often faint or absent; hypostome impendent (conterminant, but hypostome no longer matching anterior glabellar border); extra-axial cephalic muscle impression (lunette) present; doublure broad.  Thorax: with 8-10 segments.  Pygidium: isopygous or subisopygous, rounded posteriorly, usually with short axis.  Superfamily/Families: Illaenoidea/Illaenidae, Panderiidae, Styginidae (=Scutelluidae), Tsinaniidae  Genera: Illaenidae: Alloillaenus, Bumastoides, Dysplanus, Ectillaenus (=Wossekia), Harpillaenus, Hyboaspis, Illaenus (/Cryptonymus; =Actinolobus; =Deucalion; =Svobodapeltis), Nanillaenus, Ninglangia, Octillaenus, Ordosaspis, Parillaenus, Platillaenus, Ptilillaenus, Quadratillaenus, Snajdria, Spinillaenus, Stenopareia, Trigoncekovia, Ulugtella, Vysocania, Wuchuanella, Zbirovia, Zdicella, Zetillaenus. Panderiidae: Hemibarrandia (/Pseudonileus KOBAYASHI, 1951b), Ottenbyaspis, Panderia (/Rhodope), Pogrebovites. Styginidae: Alceste, Altaepeltis, Amphoriops, Ancyropyge, Andegavia (=Sagittapeltis), Arctipeltis, Australoscutellum, Avascutellum (=Ctenoscutellum; =Rutoscutellum), Bojoscutellum (=Holomeris), Boreoscutellum, Breviscutellum, Bronteopsis (=Homoglossa), Brontocephalina, Brontocephalus, Bubupeltina, Bumastella, Bumastus, Calycoscutellum, Cavetia, Cekovia, Chichikaspis, Chugaevia, Ciliscutellum, Cornuscutellum, Craigheadia, Cybantyx, Decoroscutellum, Delgadoa, Dentaloscutellum, Dulanaspis, Ekwanoscutellum, Eobronteus, Eokosovopeltis (=Heptabronteus), Eoscutellum, Exastipyx, Excetra, Failleana (=Opsypharus), Flexiscutellum, Goldillaenoides, Goldillaenus, Hallanta, Hidascutellum, Illaenoides, Illaenoscutellum, Izarnia, Japonoscutellum, Kirkdomina, Kobayashipeltis, Kolihapeltis, Kosovopeltis (=Heptabronteus), Kotysopeltis, Lamproscutellum, Leioscutellum, Ligiscus, Liolalax (/Lalax), Litotix, Meitanillaenus, Meridioscutellum, Meroperix, Metascutellum, Microscutellum, Mulciberaspis, Neoscutellum, Octobronteus (=Stoermeraspis/ Stoermeria), Opoa, Ottoaspis, Paracybantyx, Paralejurus, Paraphillipsinella (/Phillipsella; =Protophillipsinella), Perischoclonus, Phillipsinella, Planiscutellum (=Protoscutellum), Platyscutellum, Poroscutellum, Protobronteus, Protostygina, Pseudoeobronteus, Pseudostygina, Quyuania, Radioscutellum, Raymondaspis (/Warburgella RAYMOND), Rhaxeros (/Rhax), Sangzhiscutellum, Scabriscutellum (/Dicranactis), Scutellum (=Bronteus/ Brontes; =Goldfussia/Brontes; =Goldius), Septimopeltis, Spiniscutellum, Stygina, Styginella, Tenuipeltis, Thaleops (=Hydrolaenus), Theamataspis, Thomastus, Thysanopeltella, Thysanopeltis, Tosacephalus, Turgicephalus, Unicapeltis, Uraloscutellum, Waisfeldaspis, Weberopeltis, Xyoeax. Tsinaniidae: Blandiaspis, Dictyella, Esseigania, Guluheia, Jiwangshania, Leiaspis, Lonchopygella, Paradictyites, Shergoldia, Taipaikia, Tsinania (=Dictyites, Dictya), Zhujia.
Mansuyia  Paraszechuanella	Suborder Leiostegiina Cephalon: with opisthoparian sutures; glabella usually subrectangular or quadrate, sometimes broad-based, tapering forward, lateral furrows on glabella often faint or absent; palpebral furrows and eye ridges often present; eyes often medium sized, but variable; genal spines typically present.  Thorax: up to 10 segments.  Pygidium: medium to large, broadly transverse, semicircular, subrectangular, or subtriangular; furrows often faint or absent; axis often persist along nearly full length, sometimes extending into terminal spine, or a pair of lateral spines extending from 1st and 2nd pleural field (Kaolishaniidae)  Superfamily/Family: Leiostegioidea/ Cheilocephalidae, Illaenuridae, Kaolishaniidae, Leiostegidae, Ordosiidae, Pagodiidae, Shirakiellidae.  Genera: Cheilocephalidae: Aksayaspis, Cheilocephalus (=Pseudolisania; =Zhalangtania), Emsurella, Lecanoaspis, Macelloura, Oligometopus (=Bemicella), Parakoldinia, Pseudokingstonia, Pseudokoldinia. Illaenuridae: Ambonolium, Illaenurus, Lecanopyge, Minicephalus, Olenekella, Platydiamesus, Polyariella, Rasettaspis, Rasettia (/Platycolpus), Resseraspis, Tatonaspis, Yurakia. Kaolishaniidae: Anhuiaspis, Ceronocare, Donggouia, Eokaolishania, Eoniansuyia, Eotingocephalus, Hapsidocare, Hemikaolishania, Kabutocrania, Kaolishania, Kaolishaniella, Liaotropis, Mansuyia, Mansuyites (=Parapalacorona), ?Mimana, Palacorona, Palemansuyia, Parakaolishania, Pararnansuyella (/Paramansuyia), Peichiashania, Prolloydia, Shidiania, Taianocephalus, Tangjiaella, Tingocephalus, Tugurelluin, Wayaonia. Leiostegiidae:  Aedotes, Aethochuangia, Agerina (=Otarionellina/ Otarionella), Alloleiostegium, Ampullatocephalina, Annamitella (=Bathyuriscops; =Endoaspis/Wutingia; =Proetiella; =Monella), Aspidochuangia, Baoshanaspis, Brackebuschia (=Bodenbenderia; =Hexianella), Cholopilus, Chosenia (=Leiostegioides), Chuangia (/Schantungia; =Parachuangia; =Pterochuangia), Chuangiella, Chuangina, Chuangioides, Chuangiopsis, Chuangites, Constrictella, Eochuangia, Euleiostegium, Evansaspis, Gonicheirurus, Iranaspis, Iranochuangia, Jinanaspis, Kepisis, Leiostegium (=Endocrania), Leptochuangia, Linguchuangia, Lloydia, Madaoyuites, Manitouella, Marcouella, Meropalla, Paraaojia, Paraleiostegium, Paraonychopyge, Paraszechuanella, Perischodory, Plethopeltella, Pseudocalymene (=Eucalymene), Pseudoleiostegium, Reubenella, Sailoma, Shanchengziella, Sobovaspis, Szechuanella, Tinaspis, Xinhuangaspis, Yaopuia, Yarmakaspis, Yinjiangia. Ordosiidae: Delinghaspis, Kontrastina, Nidanshania, Ordosia, Paralevisia, Plesioinouyella, Poshania, Pseudotaitzuia, Taitzuia, Taitzuina, Tylotaitzuia, Wanshania, Xundiania. Pagodiidae: Arcifimbria, Bienella, Datsonia, Girandia, Idamea, Lichengaspis, Lotosoides, Oreadella, Pagodia, Pagodioides, Phoreotropis, Prochuangia, Ptychopleurites (/Ptychopleura; =Aposolenopleura; =Punctularia), Sagitaspis, Sagitoides, Seletoides, Wittekindtia. Shirakiellidae: Neoshirakiella, Pseudotaishania, Shirakiella, Yantaiella.